AIOU Solved Thesis 8613 Effect Of Daily Scheduling Routine On Students Learning At Elementary Level

MANUAL

RESEARCH PROJECT

B.Ed (1.5 Year/2.5 Year)

Course Code: 8613

Name:

Roll No.

Registration No.

Semester:

Region:

Theme: Managing children at home

Sub-Theme: Scheduling children’s routine

Topic: Effect of daily scheduling routine on students learning at an elementary level

  DECLARATION

(To be filled and signed by the student and retained by the Controller of Examination)

I ________________________________ Daughter / Son of __________________________  Roll No. _______________________________ Registration No. ______________________, a student of B.Ed Program (1.5 Year / 2.5 Year) at Allama Iqbal Open University do hereby declare that the research project entitled __________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

submitted by me in partial fulfillment of B.Ed (1.5 Year / 2.5 Year) program is my original work and has not been submitted or published earlier. I also solemnly declare that it shall not, in future, be submitted for obtaining any other degree from this or any other university or institution.  I also understand the zero tolerance policy against plagiarism of the university and the HEC and if my work is found to be plagiarized or copied from someone other’s work at any stage, even after the award of the degree, the work may be cancelled and the degree confiscated.

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(Signature of the Student)

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(Name of the Student)

 

Date: _____________________

(Day-Month-Year)

 

 

 

 

Research Project Submission Approval Form

(To be filled by the student; and signed by the supervisor and the RD)

This research project entitled ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ submitted by (student name) ____________________________________________________

Roll No. _______________________________ Registration No._______________________ Program (1.5 Year or 2.5 Year) ______________________ was conducted under my

supervision. I have read it and found it to be satisfactory regarding its originality, content, language, relevancy, consistency, citation and reference list. It is ready for submission for evaluation to Allama Iqbal Open University as a partial fulfillment of B.Ed (1.5 Year / 2.5 Year).

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(Signature of the Supervisor)

Date: ________________________

(Day-Month-Year)

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(Name of the Supervisor)

Certified that the student has completed at least 80% attendance and all required components of the workshop.

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(Signature of the Regional Director)

 

Name of the School (where the action research was conducted):

Action research was conducted in the Government boys high school Mohra Sadiq. The overall background of the participants of the project; area/school: (socio-economic status, occupation/profession – earning trends of majority of the parents, literacy rate, academic quality, and any other special trait of the community where the school is situated) (10 marks)

• Background of the Participants:

The participants of the study were grade 8th students who were enrolled in the Government boys high school Mohra Sadiq. It involves one class consisting of 40 students. The research was conducted through teaching and learning in the school. The students in this school have the impact of awareness about COVID-19 usage on their learning using this pandemic. Most of them seem eager to learn educational TVs about COVID-19 at their home. Most of their parents have a middle economic level, so their study was not fully financially supported by their family.

• School Area:

Project School was the Government boys high school Mohra Sadiq. This school system has been appreciated by the public members, as well as parents, teachers, and other respected community members. The school area belongs to the backward village area. The school’s pedagogical focus is to teach competencies and abilities with the student as the center and it aims to the integral development of the students. Separate playgrounds for upper and lower school students are located alongside the upper and lower school buildings. All school ground areas and buildings are clearly signed and signs are accompanied by a simple illustration depicting the purpose of the area or building. Children are allocated seats in classrooms and are rotated each term to encourage and facilitate peer to peer exchange and modeling. The school recently renovated the school building. Each classroom displays a list of school values, class rules, and a whiteboard showing the learning structure of each day.

Socio-economic status, occupation/profession, and earning trends of participants parents

A large majority of the households were nuclear households and the remaining of the total households were joint households. A majority of the students were residing in ‘Packa’ houses. So, more than half of the student’s parents were high-income group, and the remaining of them that is little less than a quarter of the students were in the low-income group. A small number of student’s parents were landless agricultural laborers, businessmen, Government, and private employees. The socio-economic backgrounds of the students were upper-middle class. A considerable number of participant’s parents were just

functionally literates. Their parents were progressive in education but they were still far away from higher education which is so important today to create a knowledge-based society. The numbers of participant’s parents were engaged in government services as well as in private services respectively. Parents’ have high expectations from their children. They show considerable involvement in their children’s studies by providing them with facilities for studies and by encouraging them.

Topic: Effect of daily scheduling routine on students learning at elementary level 1. Why did you select this specific sub-theme and topic? Relate it to your experience/problem in your classroom/institution. (10 marks)

(Give the background and rationale of the study) Background of the project:

With the country under a 21-day lockdown, schools and colleges are now closed. Students now have no other option but to spend their time at home. Even though, most institutions are conducting virtual classes students are still finding it hard t spend time at home. Form a power-packed schedule, they now spend most of their time in front of the television.

Students are at a stage when they constantly should be learning something new and keeping themselves engaged in productive activities. It might seem that it is hard to find something to do at home, however, here is a list of nine things students can append their time doing without stepping out of their homes. It is always good to get lost in a good book. They are the perfect way to spend long lockdown days. Read genres that interest you. You can now find books online and don’t even have to step out once you have read through your entire bookshelf (Yoga, 2020).

Especially for parents who are also working remotely, making sure children follow the learning schedule given by the school and keep them occupied at home until bedtime are no easy tasks. During the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, parents of young children are coping with shuttered day-care centers and nursery schools, furloughed nannies and babysitters, extended family caregivers who have been urged to keep their distance, and school-aged siblings who are now home all day. This strain shows in the behavior of young children, with many parents reporting increased defiance, regressed behaviors, aggression, sleep disruption, and frequent tantrums in their little ones (Kreyenfeld & Zinn 2020).

Young children are highly motivated by their parents’ attention and will change their behavior to seek it. “Children prefer praise, warmth, and other forms of positive attention when they can get it. When they can’t, children whine, act out, and provoke negative reactions from caregivers. This is why nearly every evidence-based behavior management program recommends giving positive attention to desirable behavior and ignoring most undesirable behavior. Spending time following your child’s lead in play not only improves behavior, it also strengthens the relationship between parents and kids. While adding another task to your new normal stay-at-home routine may seem daunting, there is both immediate and long-term payoff (Malik et al., 2020).

Although the school’s schedule isn’t quite full, Rizki said it was helpful, particularly in keeping her daughter busy at home. Together with his wife, they remind her when the learning time has started and encourage her to use her time efficiently. “Therefore, she will still have time to, at least, rest on her bed or watch her favorite film for a while before entering the next session (Mcginn, 2020). Ms. Traynor’s family schedule ends with everyone reading together and then bedtime. Before that, however, there is “family TV time” from 6:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. Including that in the schedule was essential to Ms. Traynor, and not just because she loves watching television. It’s a way to help the family bond in these incredibly stressful times. “I want us to all just chill and be okay together,” she says.

Reasons for selecting this specific sub-theme and topic

I select this topic because I want the Effect of daily scheduling routines on students learning at the elementary level and its effects on their education schedule and prevention as a powerful way to bridge the digital divide in the education sector and reach the most marginalized learners. Also, there are many factors that are responsible for selecting this specific sub-theme and topic.

The rationale of the Study:

This action research is an attempt to investigate awareness about COVID-19 on student’s academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. My study attempts to reconceptualize learning space as schools reopen amid and after the COVID-19 pandemic.  This study will make it important for teachers, parents, and students to know the Knowledge and awareness regarding the spread and prevention of COVID-19 among students. The study will be meaningful to parents in the sense that they will be aware of the possible effects of this pandemic. It will provide relevant material for similar research undertakings by students and other researchers. The study will help researchers learn more about the influence of awareness about COVID-19 on the academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic of students during COVID-19.

2. What was your discussion with your colleague/friend/senior teacher or supervisor regarding the problem? (05 marks)

(Provide your discussion with your colleague or supervisor for a better understanding of the problem and alternate solutions)

Discussion with colleagues/friends/supervisor:

Since I began my teaching practice, I have been using as many creative tasks as possible, not only strictly to teach students. In my action research project, I am therefore going to explore the Effect of daily scheduling routine on students learning at the elementary level during this pandemic during this death-trap situation. I discussed with my colleagues/friends/supervisor for a better understanding of the problem and alternate solutions.

Research students who maintain regular contact with their supervisors are more likely to regularly reflect on and review their progress against their agreed objectives and plans and to take action if they have fallen behind or are in danger of not submitting their thesis on time. So in this regard, I discussed with my colleague, supervisor, friends for a better understanding of the existing problem and alternate solutions of that action research. Our discussions are listed below.

First of all, I explained that in China, where COVID-19 originated, schools reopened with a reduced number of learners in classes and shortened school days after months of attempts to contain the virus. For example, in Beijing and most cities, classes are limited to 20 students instead of the regular 30 students. The schools also close at 3:30 in the afternoon. A practice that is also changing the physical learning space for children is the wearing of creative winged hats that give children cues to keep a meter away from their peers.

My senior fellow explained that when children are younger and impressionable, giving them a piece of information about something, say the advantages of maintaining personal hygiene, can help them understand and abide by your advice. In adolescent children, giving them a piece of information is not enough. At their age, they feel they need to be treated with the same amount of respect as an adult, and giving them information, especially when they feel they already know about it, makes them feel like their parents are treating them like kids. Also, the topics that adolescents need coaching and influence on are not as simple as personal hygiene, but, are much more fragile. The best way to get a point across to a teenager is if you treat them as an equal and talk to them with the same respect as you would.

According to my friend as parents, you would take responsibility for every aspect of your child’s life when they were kids. Parents take all the major decisions from daily timetables to where they would go to school. However, as teens, they need to start managing their own lives. They need to learn to be responsible for their actions. Parents need to adapt accordingly. If they do not stop micromanaging their child’s life it can breed rebellion. This does not mean parents stop saying no completely. It only means that you include your adolescent children in the process of decision making and coach them into making the right decisions.

One of my friend stated that school-aged children are spending upwards of 3 times the amount of hours watching TV since the pandemic. Developmentally appropriate television content is even more important now that kids are spending more time at home in front of screens.

One of my qualified teachers debated that as children grow older, topics they and their parents need to talk about are not as simple as their favorite food or their day at school. Drugs, sex, and even a discussion about college applications can get heated very fast. It can be hard for both parties to manage their emotions when such sensitive topics are being discussed. Parents should treat these topics with care and make sure not to hurt their or their child’s emotions they need to listen more intently to their teen. Moreover, you need to stay calm to help your child open up to you and foster a healthy conversation.

My supervisor experienced that in most situations, distribution from person-to-person occurs within close contact, about 6 feet. The spread is thought to occur mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes, such as the spread of influenza and other respiratory pathogens. Such outbreaks have been linked to overcrowding, close contact environments, slow detection, and inadequate infection control practices. At the end of our discussions, we suggested that don’t rely on parents to monitor and regulate children’s media habits during the pandemic. Ensure that the options available to them are high quality and support active engagement from the viewer. Educational programs successful in teaching viewers intended lessons, both related to cognitive and social gains. This suggests that new norms and conventions surrounding COVID-19 can be effectively taught to children through television content. Focus on incorporating simple language and easily understood examples when featuring the pandemic in storylines.

3. What did you find about the problem in the existing literature (books/articles / websites)? (10 marks)

(Explore books and online resources to know what and how has been already done regarding this problem)

According to Kathy & Lalani (2020), the COVID-19 has resulted in schools shut all across the world. Globally, over 1.2 billion children are out of the classroom. As a result, education has changed dramatically, with the distinctive rise of e-learning, whereby teaching is undertaken remotely and on digital platforms. Research suggests that online learning has been shown to increase retention of information, and take less time, meaning the changes coronavirus have caused might be here to stay. While countries are at different points in their COVID-19 infection rates, worldwide there are currently more than 1.2 billion children in 186 countries affected by school closures due to the pandemic. With this sudden shift away from the classroom in many parts of the globe, some are wondering whether the adoption of online learning will continue to persist post-pandemic, and how such a shift would impact the worldwide education market.

The majority of healthcare students had good knowledge and a positive attitude toward COVID-19. However, the level of some knowledge and attitude lower than that expected for their position level towards the virus. Additional education interventions and campaigns are required for healthcare students. Education officials, teachers, policymakers, parents, and students struggle to determine the merits of shorter or longer school days or school years, how much time should be allotted to various subjects, and the usefulness of after-school lessons and independent study (French, 2020).

If the school you are studying is closed and you have to stay at home, enjoy the free time you have at your disposal and do the things you like, but for which you haven’t had enough time so far. But do not forget the hygiene rules: wash your hands often and do not touch your face if your hands are not disinfected. If you’re staying home because you are isolated because of suspected coronavirus infection, yours or someone’s close to you, either a colleague or family member, do not worry. You may be in the situation of having to stay at home because you returned in the last two weeks from an epidemic-affected area or contacted an infected person. You will have to stay home for 14 days without seeing your friends or family members (UNICEF, 2020).

Spending a few minutes in a special time playing with your young child will help both of you feel good about each other, This positive energy helps offset the frustration and annoyances that inevitably come up from spending all this time at home while juggling many roles. You will likely notice changes in your child including being more affectionate with you, cooperating with your requests, and having fewer tantrums.” There is even evidence that attending to the play of young children helps them develop language, attention, and social skills (Scaglioni et al., 2019).

Larson & Verma (2019) stated that when you spend time in child-led play, you are teaching your young child about concepts including letters and numbers, providing rich language input to build vocabulary, and showing how to be a good friend by being a role model for sharing, turn-taking, and cooperating. “You are giving space needed to learn from the environment, problem solve and be creative. These skills are best-taught face-to-face rather than through online meetings, shows, and apps. When it comes to connecting with your toddler through play, there are several skills and considerations to maximize quality time.

With schools closed due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, families are now faced with the challenge of scheduling their days around a new reality. Use resources such as daily home schedule templates and remote work tips to help create structure at home. The idea of spending weeks in-home quarantine can discourage and scare you. However, you can do a lot in the current circumstances to make the time spent together not only tolerable but enjoyable for you and all your family members. This can be an unforgettable time spent with your children that you will fondly remember (Sandy, 2020).

Nancy (2020) suggested that make playtime with your toddler part of your family’s daily routine. Establishing new habits is easiest when we make a concrete commitment and create a plan. “Start by finding a regular time that works for everyone one that will allow you to maintain a single focus. Also, try to avoid times of day when your child tends to be cranky. Next, consider the setting and toys. Choose a space that is free of extra stimulation like TV and noisy siblings. Set up a few creative toys like blocks or play food, steering clear of those that could be messy or promote rough play, such as paints or plastic swords.

Take some time to plan the schedule. This may seem like a strenuous activity, but it will actually make it easier for you to organize your daily life. Help your children establish a routine as well, as it provides them with a sense of security and predictability, which are of great importance for the child’s development. Plan family activities together with children (talk and make arrangements with your teenagers, and make a schedule with younger children and put it in a visible place; explain the schedule and make sure they understand your expectations so that children would accept it).

Find some space where you can work if you are working from home – make it your “office – a place for work”, and the same applies to your child if they go to school or university.

Eat at certain times, as you are used to

Limit children’s use of digital devices (mobile phones, tablets, computers). Use them wisely as tools, e.g. let children use them only for a certain amount of time or save them for times when they are really needed (when you have an important meeting or business conversation or when you are simply exhausted – rely on the help of digital devices then). If your child does not sleep during the day, but “time to rest” in the afternoon section of the joint schedule It is important for you as a parent to get some rest – you worked during the day and you need to sit down (determine the length of “respite” that suits you)

What should you do in the respite time? Nothing. Enjoy yourself. Rest. Parenting at home without a break, without silence, while responding to your child’s needs all the time can be extremely tiring, especially with young children. It’s okay to take time for yourself and get some rest. Don’t worry about the mess around you – cleaning the house can wait. Involve children in housekeeping activities, in line with their age and abilities. The activities you do together are important for children to develop a sense of community and the feeling of being needed (Hastings, 2020).

4. What were the major variables/construct of your project? Give definitions/descriptions from literature. (05 marks)

(What are the key terms in your topic or study? what do you mean by these terms? What particular meaning you will attach to the term when used in this project?)

Variables of the study:

Total Four variables included in this research. Two were independent variables and two were dependent variables.  Role of teacher and parents were independent variables Social distancing and students’ performance used as the dependent variable

1.Role of Parents:

Parents played a very important task during the covid-19 pandemic situation. They made effective routines for their children at home like offering prayer, Tilawat, Naat. Educational activities on the basis of prizing to maintain the interest of them. Activities at home are more necessary to keep children at home and maintain study performance. So the study loss of students minimized. If effective routine, then the child will be a high achiever in the study.

2.Role of Teacher:

The teacher played a very important role during the covid-19 pandemic situation. The teacher prepared an online tutorial for online study. This thing keeps motivated students at home. Tele Taleem Ghar program very helpful for the purposeful routine of students at home to keep balance in the study. Teachers gave small assignments to students individually so they can busy in different activities at home and maintain social distancing from others.

3.Social Distancing:

Most of us call it “social distancing,” but it can help to think of it as “physical distancing” instead. Social distancing puts space between people. By keeping their distance from others, people infected with the virus are less likely to spread it.

The virus mainly spreads when someone breathes, talks, coughs, or sneezes, which sends tiny droplets into the air. People standing nearby can get these droplets in their eyes, nose, or mouth, or they can breathe them in.

When there are at least 6 feet between people, these droplets are more likely to fall onto the ground rather than on other people. Less often, tinier droplets can linger in the air for minutes to hours. These are called aerosols.

Because infected people may not have symptoms, it is best to keep a safe distance whenever you’re around people you don’t live with.

4.Students performance:

Students’ performance is actually the result of student’s struggle in the study. Effective students’ performance must be achieved on the basis of effective routine at home. A student who studies according to the effective routine then shows a hundred percent performance in study.

5.what did you want to achieve in this research project?

• Research Objectives

The purpose of the study was to managing children at home through an effective routine during the COVID-19 pandemic at the elementary level in Punjab. So, the students focus on the coronavirus disease to save their lives.” In order to achieve said aims, the following objectives are designed:

Objectives of the Study

Following was the main objective of the study.

1. To explore the relationship between parents and children for managing children at home high achievement through scheduling routine at the elementary level.
2. To explore the relationship between teachers and students for managing children at home and high achievement through scheduling routine at the elementary level.
3. To find out the Problems of the children managing at home through scheduling routine at the elementary level.
4. To give suggestions for the improvement of the situation.

Research Questions of the study

• What is the relationship between Parents and Children for managing children at home and high achievement through scheduling routine at the elementary level.?
• What is the relationship between teachers and students for managing children at home and high achievement through scheduling routine at the elementary level?
• What are the problems of the children managing at home through scheduling routine at the elementary level?

RQ4. What are the suggestions for the improvement of the situation?

6.Who were the participants in your project?

Population

The population of the study comprised boys studying at Govt Boys High School of Pakistan.

Sample

A total of “40” students were taken as a sample of the study. Gujranwala City was taken as a Convenient sample by applying the Matched Pair Random Sampling Technique. So, the total sample size was 40 respondents including male students. This sample provides appropriate knowledge regarding all the students of the school they studying in the school.

7.How did you try to solve the problem?

The research methodology adopted for the collection and analysis of data is presented in this section. The section gives a thorough account of the subjects, settings instrument design, data collection methods, and techniques to analyze data. It further provides the theoretical underpinning of methodology wherever appropriate. The research methodology is the key to answer the research question(s) and drawing conclusions.

Research design:

It is descriptive and surveys research about the critical study of the routine of high achievers at home during the COVID-19 pandemic at elementary school students. Descriptive research is “aimed at casting light on current issues or problems through a process of data collection that enables them to describe the situation more completely than was not possible without employing this method.”

Population:

A population is otherwise called an all-around characterized gathering of people or questions known to have comparative attributes. All people or protests inside a specific population typically have a typical, restricting trademark or characteristic. The target population of this study was the students of the public schools in Pakistan. The data was collected from student’s public schools by filling up the questionnaire.

 Sample and sampling techniques:

In research, a sample is a gathering of individuals, that are taken from a bigger population for estimation. The example ought to be illustrative of the population to guarantee that we can sum up the discoveries from the exploration test to the population all in all. 40 students were selected from the school.

Instruments:

The study used questionnaires as the main research instrument. The questionnaire is the form in which different questions asked by the sample of the study to complete the goal of the study.

 Data collection procedure

Data was collected through questionnaires. Open-ended and closed-ended questions were used for the purpose of data collection. In closed-ended questionnaires, 5 Likert point scale questions were developed in the form of strongly agreed (SA=5), Agree (A=4), Undecided (UD=3), Disagree (DA=2), and Strongly Disagree (DA=1).

8.What kind of instrument was used to collect the data? How was the instrument developed?

Instruments:

The study used questionnaires as the main research instrument. The questionnaire is the form in which different questions asked by the sample of the study to complete the goal of the study.

Questionnaires were three in counting and labeled as:

Questionnaire for students:

The following main questions guided the collection and analysis of data for the present study.

1. Students ‘scheduling routine regarding high achievements at home develops good behavior and motivation at the elementary level.
2. Students’ scheduling routine regarding high achievements at home develops the habit of study at the elementary level.
3. Students’ scheduling routine develops the habit of educational activities at home and maintains study performance at the elementary level.
4. Students stay at home only when they busy with interesting activities.
5. Students follow this “Stay home stay save”.
6. Students can learn on the basis of the educational activities at the elementary level.
7. Students can learn on the basis of effective routine at home at the elementary level.
8. scheduling routine very helpful to achieve high marks in the study.
9. Students can learn in-home on the basis of scheduling routine during covid-19 at the elementary level.
10. Educational games and apps are helpful for learning during COVID-19 at the elementary level.

Data analysis

After the collection of the data, it was tabulated. Questionnaires were analyzed. After collecting data, the simple percentage and frequency model was applied to evaluate the score on different performance indicators to check the significance.

9.What were the findings and conclusion?

1. The overall majority (90%) of the respondents agreed that students’ effective routine regarding high achievements at home develops good behavior and motivation at the elementary level.
2. The overall majority (96%) of the respondents agreed that students’ scheduling routine regarding high achievements at home develops the habit of study at the elementary level.
3. The overall majority (97%) of the respondents agreed that students’ scheduling routine develops the habit of educational activities at home and maintains students’ performance at the elementary level.
4. The overall majority (98%) of the respondents agreed that Students stay at home only when they busy with interesting activities.
5. The overall majority (97%) of the respondents agreed that Students follow this “Stay home stay save”.
6. The overall majority (91%) of the respondents agreed that students can learn on the basis of the educational activities at the elementary level.
7. The overall majority (95%) of the respondents agreed that students can learn on the basis of scheduling routine at the elementary level.
8. The overall majority (96%) of the respondents agreed that scheduling routine very helpful to achieve high marks in the study.
9. The overall majority (98%) of the respondents agreed that Students can learn in-home on the basis of scheduling routine during covid-19 at the elementary level.
10. The overall majority (92%) of the respondents agreed that Educational games and apps are Conclusions

The idea of spending weeks in-home quarantine can discourage and scare them. Their parents involve children in housekeeping and educational activities. The majority of students suggested that limit the use of mobile phones because it’s can be a disruption for study. The study suggested that plan a family activity together with children (talk and make arrangements with your teenagers.    They were plan enough time

for studying each subject. If a child does not sleep during the day, but “time to rest” in the afternoon section of the joint schedule. At home safety measures should be taken to avoid being infected by a coronavirus.

Suggestions

It is normal to have many questions about how this situation affects you and how the coronavirus works. Talk to an adult about your concerns and tell them openly the things that make you anxious. No question is “too childish” if you are very worried or about your health. Keep washing your hands very well, do not touch your face with dirty hands or after touching things that others have touched, listen to the doctor’s advice and you will be safe.

Here are some things you can do to make the time you spend at home as enjoyable as possible

• There are many fun games you can play alone or with your family. Do not spend too much time on TV, computer or mobile.
• Listen to music and read. Consider the time spent at home an unplanned vacation that you can enjoy.
• Do your homework and keep in touch with teachers or classmates. It will be easier for you to catch up with your lessons when you return to school.
• Eat as healthy and varied as possible. Fruits and vegetables have many vitamins that keep you in shape and make you stronger in the face of disease.

10. Summary of the Project (05 marks)

University recommended me some developing basic skills in which theme and sub-theme. My topic that I choose the Effect of daily scheduling routine on students learning at the elementary level.  I choose this topic because I have to face problems with children’s management and student performance. It is difficult to maintain the performance of students during this situation.

The sample comprised a total of 40 students drawn from the elementary school of district Gujranwala. They were selected by a simple random sampling technique.

This study investigated the routine of high achievers about managing children at home through scheduling routine. It also investigated the effects of the home environment on students’ behavior and performance.

Questionnaire Instrument used for data collection. The research design was descriptive. The result was finding that a purposeful routine at home leads to high achievement. Teachers’ behavior and teaching methods also impact students ‘behavior.

11. How do you feel about this practice? What have you learned? (Self-reflection) (10 marks) Feeling about this Practice/Action Research

I used the classroom action research method, which is an exploration through a strategy of self-reflection. This method is characterized by the active participation and collaboration of educational practitioners to improve student and teacher achievement and to solve classroom problems. This hands-on research provides me with a structured process for customizing research results so that I can solve problems using this method in my own classrooms, schools, or neighborhoods. I had mixed feelings about research. I was a little nervous and I was a little curious about the case studies. I go to all meetings to reach 80% attendance to learn how to do an effective case study. My experience with current research has been informative. My leader helps me a lot in this.

Self-Reflection

Self-reflection is like looking into a mirror and describing what you see. It is a way of assessing ways of working and how the study observed. Reflecting and composing a piece of self-reflective writing is becoming an increasingly important element to any form of study or learning. Self-reflection helps to build emotional self-awareness. I called on students by name and used information about them (from the information sheets they filled out during the first-class period) in the examples I gave. Unfortunately, I spent so much time on the presentation stage of the lesson that we had to rush through the other activities. One of the significant findings of my study was that two-third of the respondents deemed social media as the primary source of their information followed by television. The least used resource was print media, including newspapers and brochures. A recently published study among healthcare professionals in Pakistan identified the internet followed by social media, as the most sought-after source of coronavirus. This showed the shift in patterns in a decade when the internet was the least sought-after source of information in Pakistan. However, this information would be of great benefit to the public health authorities concerned regarding the spread of awareness; they will take extraordinary measures to ensure that any information shared online is reliable, appropriate, and error-free.

12. What has it added to your professional skills as a teacher? (05 marks)

Action research is a form of research that is authentic and meaningful to the teacher-researcher because it is conducted by the teacher in his/her own classroom space. Action research helps me to pick up threads suggested in academic circles and weave them in my own classroom. Action research allows me to take ownership over my teaching and occurs when teacher-researchers contemplate a classroom or instructional issue, design a study, execute the study, track data, and results, and reflect. This action research helped me to maintain classroom management through effective discipline practices for effective writing skills. I learned that awareness about COVID-19 associated with high academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic or academic achievements during the COVID-19 pandemic. From this practice, I’m able to assess the problem in my class. Now I can identify, process, and solve the problem in a scientific way which results better than the previous which was beating about bush. As teachers construct new knowledge while linking prior knowledge, learning occurs. This research provides me with data from my own experiences and my own students. This is the meaningful evidence that I need to be able to tell other stories. I strongly believed that there is no better way to communicate your story than to stand up in front of my peers and share the journey of action research. This study added my professional skills as a trainee teacher that sharing useful strategies with students and provide them examples enhance their English writing skills. I will give assignments to students that offer appropriate practice with feedback. Writing is a complex skill that most students actually need in order to successfully go through college. Because everything is based on writing during academic years, a student who possesses good writing skills will automatically do better at everything, including exams, essays, assignments, and so on. I’m talking about general and specific tips and tricks on how to approach a specific type of essay. I will follow these tips, for improvements in my student’s mind-set to use computers for effective learning. The finding may be useful when planning health education programs about emerging infectious diseases.

13. List the works you cited in your project (follow the APA manual – 6th Edition). (05 marks)

Examples of formats are available on websites.

Literature Cited

French, G. (2020). Quality Time for Students: Learning In and Out of School. Accessed  from: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org

Hastings, R. (2020). How to Create a Work-from-Home Schedule with Kids That Won’t

Stress You Out. Retrieved from: https://www.parents.com

Kreyenfeld, M., & Zinn, S. (2020). Coronavirus & care: How the coronavirus crisis-affected fathers’ involvement in Germany (No. 1096). SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel  Data Research.

Kathy, L. Lalani, F. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has changed education forever. Accessed  from: https://www.weforum.org

Mcginn, D. (2020). Families turn to schedules to maintain children’s routines during coronavirus outbreak. Accessed from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com

Malik, R., Hamm, K., Lee, W. F., Davis, E. E., & Sojourner, A. (2020). The coronavirus will make child care deserts worse and exacerbate inequality. Center for American

Progress.

Larson, R. W., & Verma, S. (2019). How would children and adolescents spend time during  covid-19: work, play, and developmental opportunities. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 701.

Nancy, P. (2020). Spending (Much More) Time with Your Young Child: Strengthening

Skills & Relationships Through Play. Retrieved from: https://nyulangone.org

Scaglioni, S., Salvioni, M., & Galimberti, C. (2019). Influence of parental attitudes in the development of children eating behavior during the course of COVID-19. British  Journal of Nutrition, 99(1), 22-25.

Sandy, P. (2020). Coronavirus Resources for Families.  Routine and Structure. Retrieved  from: https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org

UNICEF; (2020). How to spend your time if you have to stay home because of the novel coronavirus. Retrieved from: https://www.unicef.org

Wira, N.N. (2020). Tips from parents on helping children study at home during the COVID-19  outbreak. Accessed from: https://www.thejakartapost.com

Yoga, Y. (2020). 9 ways students can spend time during the 21-day lockdown. Accessed  from: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com

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