Geographical Situation Economic Potential Physiography And Climate Of Pakistan
Elaborate on the Geographical Situation, Economic Potential, Physiography And Climate Of Pakistan.
Geographical situation
Pakistan is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the northwest, and Iran to the west while China borders the country in the northeast.
Located in South Asia, Pakistan shares an eastern border with India and a northeastern border with China. Iran makes up the country’s southwest border, and Afghanistan runs along its western and northern edge. The Arabian Sea is Pakistan’s southern boundary with 1,064 km of coastline.
economic potential
The economy of Pakistan is the 22nd largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), and the 45th largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product. Pakistan has a population of over 220 million (the world’s 5th-largest), giving it a nominal GDP per capita of $1,186 in 2020-21, which ranks 154th in the world and giving it a PPP GDP per capita of $5,839 in 2019, which ranks 132nd in the world for 2019. However, Pakistan’s undocumented economy is estimated to be 36% of its overall economy, which is not taken into consideration when calculating per capita income. Pakistan is a developing country. The economy is semi-industrialized, with centers of growth along the Indus River. Primary export commodities include textiles, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, and carpets/rugs.
Growth poles of Pakistan’s economy are situated along the Indus River; the diversified economies of Karachi and major urban centers in Punjab, coexisting with lesser developed areas in other parts of the country. The economy has suffered in the past from internal political disputes, a fast-growing population, mixed levels of foreign investment. Foreign exchange reserves are bolstered by steady worker remittances, but a growing current account deficit – driven by a widening trade gap as import growth outstrips export expansion – could draw down reserves and dampen GDP growth in the medium term. Pakistan is currently undergoing a process of economic liberalization, including privatization of all government corporations, aimed to attract foreign investment and decrease the budget deficit. In October 2016, foreign currency reserves crossed $24.0 billion which has led to a stable outlook on the long-term rating by Standard & Poors. In 2016, the BMI Research report named Pakistan as one of the ten emerging economies with a particular focus on its manufacturing hub.
As of May 2019, IMF has predicted that future growth rates will be 2.9%, the lowest in South Asia. According to the World Bank, poverty in Pakistan fell from 64.3% in 2002 to 29.5% in 2014. The country’s worsening macroeconomic position has led to Moody’s downgrading Pakistan’s debt outlook to “negative”.
In 2017, Pakistan’s GDP in terms of purchasing power parity crossed $1 trillion. By May 2019, the Pakistani rupee had undergone a year-on-year depreciation of 30% vis-a-vis the US Dollar. In 2020 CPEC Phase 2 has been started, with new billion-dollar agreements. Pakistan is focusing on its own Electric Vehicle, biomedical, electromagnetic, smartphones, and semi-conductor Industry. Samsung and Realme announce to set of up an assembly plant in Pakistan. Pakistan’s first digital is establishing in Haripur. At this moment, Oppo and haier to invest in Pakistan Digital City (PDC) Haripur. PDC is near Telephone Industries of Pakistan (TIP) and National Radio and Telecommunication Corporation (NRTC).
Physiographic
The country can be divided into five physiographic regions: The Himalayan mountain ranges in the north-western part on the border with India and China. … The Balochistan Plateau in the southwest of the country, with an average altitude of about 600 m. Dry hills run across the plateau from northeast to southwest.
The Geography of Pakistan (Urdu: جغرافیۂ پاکِستان) is a profound blend of landscapes varying from plains to deserts, forests, and plateaus ranging from the coastal areas of the Arabian Sea in the south to the mountains of the Karakoram, Hindukush, Himalayas ranges in the north. Pakistan geologically overlaps both with the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates where its Sindh and Punjab provinces lie on the north-western corner of the Indian plate while Balochistan and most of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa lie within the Eurasian plate which mainly comprises the Iranian Plateau. Gilgit-Baltistan and [POK] Pakistan-occupied Kashmir lie along the edge of the Indian plate and are prone to violent earthquakes where the two tectonic plates collide.
Pakistan is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the northwest, and Iran to the west while China borders the country in the northeast. The nation is geopolitically placed within some of the most controversial regional boundaries which share disputes and have many times escalated military tensions between the nations, e.g., that of Kashmir with India and the Durand Line with Afghanistan. Its western borders include the Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass that have served as traditional migration routes between Central Eurasia and South Asia.
At 881,913 square kilometers (340,509 sq mi), Pakistan is the 33rd largest country by area, a little more than twice the size of the US state of California, and slightly larger than the Canadian province of Alberta.
climate of Pakistan
The climate is generally arid, characterized by hot summers and cool or cold winters, and wide variations between extremes of temperature at given locations. There is little rainfall. … Pakistan’s largest city, Karachi, which is also the country’s industrial center, is more humid than Islamabad but gets less rain.
Pakistan’s climate is a continental type of climate, characterized by extreme variations in temperature, both seasonally and daily, because it is located on a great landmass north of the Tropic of Cancer (between latitudes 25° and 36° N).
This study has shown that Pakistan is divided into four broad distinct Precipitation effective Index climatic Zones; first is Rain forest (Wet) where PE index values are between 50 to 148, second is Forest (humid) where index values range between 10-49, third is partly forest (less humid) with index values ranging.